Allergic reactions to stinging insects are common. In fact, the number of hospitalisations and deaths from certain insect stings is increasing, but stings can easily be avoided.
And as anyone who's been stung by a bee or wasp will tell you, it's not a particularly pleasant experience but they can be fatal if you have an extreme reaction.
Bees and wasps are social insects and rarely attack unless they feel threatened. The majority of insect sting reactions in the UK are caused by wasp stings, with bee stings affecting mainly high-risk groups such as beekeepers and gardeners.
The distinguishing feature of a bee sting is the stinger that is left behind in the skin - a wasp doesn't do this.
The causes
Stings are common and potentially serious for the 5% of the population who are allergic to them.
To become sensitised you must be stung by a wasp or honey bee. The process can take up to six weeks; your first sting won't cause an allergic reaction, but any stings after you become sensitised are likely to provoke a reaction.
The symptoms
Allergic reactions and their severity vary from person to person. Some people experience hives or stomach cramps following a wasp or honeybee sting, while others have more serious reactions which requite immediate medical attention. In some cases, a bee sting can be fatal.
Most stings include pain and swelling which is localised to the sting area. This is caused by the body's non-allergic reaction to the venom. Allergic reactions to insect venom usually happen within ten minutes of being stung.
Anyone who is stung by a bee should be observed to see if they display any symptoms of an allergic reaction. These include:
- headache
- fever
- loss of consciousness
- swelling of the face, tongue, lips and body
- difficulty breathing
Treatment
If you're stung by a bee and you're displaying mild symptoms, taking oral antihistamines should help counter any discomfort. More severe reactions and anaphylaxis require immediate medical attention.
The first thing you should do is look for the stinger on the person's body - it's the stinger than contains the venom. Studies have shown that removing the stinger helps. To remove, use your thumb and forefinger to remove the stinger from the skin. Wash the area with soap and water or alcohol wipes. Applying ice to the area will also help lessen any swelling.
Wasp and bee allergic people should wear a medical alert bracelet and carry an adrenalin injector around with them.
Prevention
Follow these pointers and you will drastically cut your chances of being stung:
- Avoid wearing aftershave or perfume outdoors
- Don't drink sugary drinks outdoors
- If a bee or wasp approaches you, don't panic and wave your arms - sit tight and remain motionless
- Avoid wearing bright coloured clothes - these will attract bees and wasps
- During the summer months, keep all foods covered
- Be cautious when you're gardening - remember, you're in the insect's territory
And if you do get stung, seek medical attention immediately if you have a bad reaction.
